The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Its Political Issues Essay Example

The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Its Political Issues Essay For some, oil organizations, the Gulf speaks to a portion of their generally beneficial and promising properties. The White House is apparently making an expanded demonstration of forcing BP, however President Obama is confronting political warmth from inside his own gathering for what some state has been a dreary reaction to the oil slick in the Gulf of Mexico. Since the spill started, there has been some extraordinary political discussion with respect to BPs obligation, the legislatures reaction, and the degree of the ecological harm. Matthew Dowd, political specialist and boss surveyor to previous President George W. Shrubbery, said the episode is probably going to represent a colossal political issue, like what President Bush looked after Hurricane Katrina. Organization authorities likewise said the administration will make changes to the manner in which it permits seaward boring, including new measures for the allowing procedure, new security necessities for seaward apparatuses, and what was depicted as reinforced examinations for boring activities. Having taking at any rate halfway responsibility for emergency, the Obama organization is increasing endeavors to take action against BP, sending a letter to CEO Tony Hayward griping that his vows to give total and convenient data on the spill have missed the mark in both their extension and viability. BP has just consented to put aside $20 billion more than quite a long while to pay for claims coming about because of the oil slick. The organization has paid the U. S. government $390 million for the expense of cleanup and got an extra bill for $128. million from the Obama organization. Obama and his senior White House staff, just as Interior Secretary Ken Salazar, are working with BPs CEO Tony Hayward on enactment that would raise the top on obligation for harm claims from those influenced by the oil calamity from $75 million to $10 billion. In any case, WMRs government and Gulf state sources are revealing the calamity has the genuine likely expense of at any rate $1 trillion. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Its Political Issues explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Its Political Issues explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Its Political Issues explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Pundits of the arrangement being turned out to be among Obama and Hayward call attention to that $10 billion is a unimportant small detail for a trillion dollar fiasco yet in addition note that BP, if its advantages were nationalized, could bring right around a trillion dollars for pay purposes. There is discussion in some administration circles, including FEMA, of the need to nationalize BP so as to remunerate the individuals who will at last be influenced by the most noticeably terrible oil calamity throughout the entire existence of the world. The Obama organization likewise planned with BP to fudge the degree of the oil spill, as per our government and state sources. After the oil rig detonated and sank, the administration expressed that 42,000 gallons for each day was spouting from the seabed gap. After five days, the national government increased the spillage to 210,000 gallons per day. Obama assistants focused on that BP would bear the expense of the spill, including the expense of stopping the well, cleaning shorelines and paying for government air and water tests. Independently, anglers and others foreseeing natural harm documented class-activity suits against the organization. On a day when the securities exchange rose comprehensively and forcefully, BPs stock value fell in excess of 8 percent to $52. 56 an offer. In the brains of legislators and planners, the oil has for all intents and purposes become a goliath ink smudge, a Rorschach test in which every one of the rival sides sees evidence of â€Å"the bigger account. † Florida Sen. Bill Nelson approached Obama to step once again from his extended seaward penetrating plans. In a letter to the president, Nelson said he would document enactment to restrict the Interior Department from finishing on Obamas proposition for new seismic and penetrating action. He said the inlet spill might be an ecological and financial calamity that unleashes destruction for business angling and the travel industry along the Gulf of Mexico coast. Reference : http://www. nytimes. com/2010/06/30/us/governmental issues/30polmemo. html? pagewanted=1 http://political. com/content/bp-oil slick http://abcnews. go. com/GMA/Politics/bp-oil slick political-cerebral pain obama-democrats-hammer/story? id=10746519 http://washingtonexaminer. com/legislative issues/white -house/political-issues oil slick may-stick-obama http://release. cnn. com/2010/US/09/14/bp. equity. lawful. activity/record. html http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/29/AR2010042902290. html

Current Treatments Free Essays

Innovative advances are presumably one of the most useful things that happened to man. It has permitted individuals to live their lives simpler with the assistance of machines and projects. One zone that appears to profit by mechanical developments is the clinical field. We will compose a custom article test on Current Treatments or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Today, the most recent improvements in medication and human services have given individuals the chance to live more and all the more serenely. This is prove by better prescriptions, determination, and treatment plans for patients. By and by, I accept that the requirement for better human services drove researchers and social insurance suppliers to the advancement of ebb and flow medications. Better information in innovation additionally helped experts in setting up and finding new medicines for patients. This is seen in Maguire’s (2002) study wherein he thought about two patients who has a similar sort of disease. One is a previous patient who seemed to have surrendered to the side effects of schizophrenia and couldn't improve and carry on with an ordinary life even with the drugs accessible around then. The other patient gets a more up to date medicine for schizophrenia and can return to class and live serenely. The last patient had the option to profit by the upgrades in the field of social insurance. â€Å"With headways in such prescriptions, patients with schizophrenia no longer need to lead a real existence completely directed by this order† (Maguire, 2002, p. 10). â€Å"Consequently, they need significant help and endorsement in treatment, to assist them with revealing side effects that commonly appear to be despicable to them and make the possibly terrifying social changes that will be asked of them† (Author, p. 277). Experts in the field of medicinal services ought to never be placated with the present medications and ought to consistently search for approaches to improve the lives of patients. This can be particularly said in the field of psychotherapy wherein current treatment plans and techniques won't generally work for each person and the changing of times influence people’s practices, which can influence the medications that were once thought as the best ones. Step by step instructions to refer to Current Treatments, Papers

A view from the class Rebeca Moreno Jiménez, MPA 15 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A view from the class Rebeca Moreno Jiménez, MPA ’15 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Were  excited to share with you another SIPA student story. Heres our second student story of the year, featuring a talented young woman from Mexico.  We hope that you will enjoy learning more about our fantastic students! Rebeca Moreno Jiménez, MPA ’15,  is concentrating in economic and political development with a specialization in international media, advocacy, and communications at SIPA. Rebeca is a Fulbright Scholar from Ensenada, Mexico. She worked for five years as a communications and public information assistant at the World Bank, Mexico City field office. Prior to her work at the World Bank, she collaborated as an intern at the United Nations International Trade Center in Geneva and at the Embassy of Mexico in the U.S. (Washington D.C.). She was also a research intern for the Mexican Federal Ministry of Social Development, at its Oportunidades Program. Her work experience has made her passionate for finding solutions to socioeconomic and political issues in developing countries. At SIPA, she is focusing her studies in information and communications technology (ICT) policy, specifically applied to development, peacebuilding and humanitarian affairs projects. Part of her post-graduate career plan is to work for an organization that supports the inclusion of technologies in projects that aim to help vulnerable communities to build development and peace. This past summer, Rebeca collaborated with GAPS Centre for Governance, Peace and Security based in Kampala, Uganda where she supported the design of the national early warning system for the prevention of violence and genocide in Uganda, which included an SMS-GIS component. As part of her extracurricular activities at SIPA, she is the communications co-chair of the Latin American Student Association (LASA) and the departmental research assistant for Professor George Gray-Molina’s course in Politics of Policymaking. During her free time, she assists her fellow World Economic Forum “Global Shapers”  colleagu es from the Mexico City Hub to organize their monthly activities. We look forward to Rebeca’s second year at SIPA!

Learn How to Conjugate the French Verb Habiter (to Live)

French verb conjugator habiter Present Future Imperfect Present participle j habite habiterai habitais habitant tu habites habiteras habitais il habite habitera habitait nous habitons habiterons habitions vous habitez habiterez habitiez ils habitent habiteront habitaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle habit Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive j habite habiterais habitai habitasse tu habites habiterais habitas habitasses il habite habiterait habita habitt nous habitions habiterions habitmes habitassions vous habitiez habiteriez habittes habitassiez ils habitent habiteraient habitrent habitassent Imperative tu habite nous habitons vous habitez Verb conjugation patternHabiter  is a  regular -ER verb  that begins with  h  muet

Food, Initial Needs For Survival - 1186 Words

Food, Initial Needs For Survival The human need for food is one of the inherent and physiological needs; it is the most important factor for the survival and life. Food is an essential need, and human is forced to obtain food to quench the hunger. Proper nutrition and balanced is good for growth and leads to better health and longer lifespan. Initially, eating was only to crunch hunger, and feeling of hunger forced the human to consume everything that was available regardless of the quality and nutrition. Later, humans learned how to use the land and nature to provide their variety of food to consume. The urbanization and social life have caused many changes in the way human consume nutritional food. Today in regard to the growth of population and their need for food producing is one of the human concerns in contemporary society. As it is forecasted that by 2050 the world population will be 9.6 billion people. Due to the growing population and changing diets, the world will need to produce 69% more food (Ranganathan , 2013). Now, this question comes in mind that how this amount of quality food should be produced for the population. Although, we have advanced technology, several factors such as climate change and soil quality of the lane will restrict the production of food around the world. Thus, these factors will give negative impact and restriction in the different region. We will face a difficult challenge of overtime to meet with these four principles: access,Show MoreRelatedThe Action Of Animal Models984 Words   |  4 Pagesefficacy of FLX in survival, weight gain and food intake in comparison with OLZ and controls in ABA mouse models. ‘Survival’ was a measure of the number of days passed before a mouse lost 25% of its initial body weight. 20 ABA mice were treated with vehicle (VEH—control procedure), 20 were treated with FLX (18 mg/kg/day) and 20 were treated with OLZ (12 mg/kg/day). Results show that between the FLX and OLZ treatments, no effects were found on bod y weight, but both led to an increase in food intake. FurthermoreRead MoreCoping with the Zombie Apocalypse: Lessons From The Walking Dead962 Words   |  4 Pagestraumatic experience of an entirely different magnitude (Grossman). During the initial outbreak of terror while everyone is scrambling to save his or her own life, survival mode kicks in and an individual starts to plan on saving one’s self. The need to be a powerful motivator drives an average person to do what any normal person would consider unthinkable. Abandoning monsters plaguing the entire world, helping others in need, or deciding to save one’s self is a decision that will be made. The decisionRead MoreProfit Is Not The Purpose Of Enterprise1556 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Many people mistakenly think that the purpose of the company is simply to make money. In fact, profit is actually just an important result of the existence of a company. The real reason for company existence has to be further studied. Companies need profits, but more importantly they must have the social responsibility. Companies have a great responsibility to their employees, customers, suppliers and the general welfare of society, as well as the ecological environment. It inevitably comes toRead MoreAlas, Babylon: Survival and Isolation889 Words   |  4 Pagesanyone left alive. Everywhere around them there is death and destruction leaving them isolated in their own dystopia. Pat Frank’s Alas, Babylon illustrates a nuclear bomb simulation. In such a way, he gives the readers a taste of isolation and survival needs when facing such drastic times. So the question is: how does one survive in the isolation left behind from a nuclear war? Everything starts with the warning, if one gets a warning. 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The period of the Holocaust presents readers and viewers with themes such as survival and hope in hardships faced by prisoners to reach life after the harsh conditions they lived through in concentration camps. In the face of overwhelming evil, the film Schindler’s List, directed by Steven Spielberg, tells the story of the Nazi party and theirRead MoreThe Effects Of Food And Sleep Deprivation During Civilian1499 Words   |  6 PagesBRIEF REPORT Effects of Food or Sleep Deprivation During Civilian Survival Training on Clinical Chemistry Variables Lars Stà ¥hle, MD, PhD; Elisabeth Granstrà ¶m, MD, PhD; Ewa Ljungdahl Stà ¥hle, PhD; Sven Isaksson, PhD; Anders Samuelsson, PhD; Mats Rudling, MD, PhD; Harry Sepp From the Department of Clinical Pharmacology (Dr L Stà ¥hle) and the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes (Dr Rudling), Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden; the DepartmentRead MoreThe Survival Value Of Emotions1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe Survival Value of Emotions In evolutionary theories of emotion, such as those established by Darwin, and further expanded by Robert Plutchik and Paul Ekman, emotions developed historically as a result of natural selection and functioned primarily for our survival (Ekman, 1992, p.169; Laurentian University (LU), n.d. 3.1 ). To respond to these needs, emotions were adaptive, meaning they had survival value, and thus were selected specifically to aid in reproduction, the protection of young, cooperationRead MoreMaslows Theory1321 Words   |  6 Pageslater standardized are the needs hierarchy, self-actualization, and peak experience (Maslow, Abraham Hutchinson Encyclopedia of Biography, 2010). Maslow’s most popular contribution to psychology is the hierarchy of needs theory (Butts Rich, 2011). His work on Motivation and Personality are understood through his humanistic model (2010). Theory Development Abraham Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs is fundamentally based on the concept that physiological needs dominate one’s thinking, causingRead MoreThe 2008 Sanlu Milk Scandal1276 Words   |  6 PagesThe 2008 Sanlu milk scandal was the most serious scandal of Chinese food and dairy industry. The Sanlu Group, one of the largest and most trusted dairy producers in China at the time, was accused of deliberately adding a harmful chemical called melamine to its milk powder products. â€Å"An estimated 300,000 babies in China were sick from the contaminated milk powder, and the kidney damage led to six fatalities† (Huang 1). The scandal went public in fall, leading to the bankruptcy of Sanlu Group and imprisonment

Corruption in Bolt’s ‘Man for All Seasons’ Free Essays

Most of us, politically, mentally, morally, socially, live somewhere between the negative pole of Robert Bolt’s â€Å"terrifying cosmos [where] †¦no laws, no sanctions, no mores obtain† (xvi), the nadir of the human spirit and self, and the positive pole he finds in Thomas More, who makes, not only in oaths but in all his dealings, â€Å"an identity between the truth †¦ and his own virtue,† and â€Å"offers himself as a guarantee† (xiii-xiv) – a self which proves incorruptible by either promise or punishment. Near to More’s level of righteousness are his wife and daughter, though he feels the need to protect them from perjuring themselves, a corruption stemming from one of the hardest temptations, protecting their family from harm. Rich and Cromwell are nearer to the lower pole in the play, the former making the complete arc from innocence to its opposite, and the latter starting from a place of moral bankruptcy and guiding Rich there with him. We will write a custom essay sample on Corruption in Bolt’s ‘Man for All Seasons’ or any similar topic only for you Order Now In between is the political corruption of King Henry who won’t let â€Å"all the Popes back to St. Peter [get] between me and my duty† (54), and of Woolsey’s appeal to More along patriotic and anti-war lines. With the exception of More, and those who anchor themselves to him like his family and Will Roper, they are all, like the Boatman’s wife, â€Å"losing [their] shape, sir. Losing it fast† (28). Richard Rich is the play’s most developed exemplar of the gradual, and gradually accelerating, course that leads, through corrupt action, to corruption’s end-point: a shell without a self. As the Common Man, in the guise of Matthew, correctly predicts, Rich â€Å"come[s] to nothing† (17), despite his final worldly status, symbolized by his rich robes which, as that same Man says elsewhere of all clothing, say nothing about the man inside them, â€Å"barely cover[ing] one man’s nakedness† (3). Oliver Cromwell, a disciple of Machiavelli, and unashamedly corrupt, is Rich’s teacher and exhorter along that road. Rich is bullied into telling Cromwell information that might harm Thomas More, a betrayal. Cromwell uses this sin as a teaching opportunity – the more you give in to corruption (and therefore the less of you there is left to struggle against it), the easier it becomes: CROMWELL There, that wasn’t too painful, was it? RICH (laughing a little and a little rueful) No! CROMWELL That’s all there is, and you’ll find it easier next time. (76) Richard Rich sums up the teachings of Machiavelli, embodied in Cromwell, as quintessentially empty (though Rich is too fearful for his worldly status to be afraid of the legitimately fearful consequence of following those teachings): â€Å"properly apprehended, [Macchiavelli] has no doctrine. Master Cromwell has the sense of it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (13). In following Cromwell into philosophical corruption, Rich will reap the rewards of such pragmatism. More, at the apex of Rich’s ascent to influence and wealth (he’s been named Attorney General for Wales as a reward for perjury), reminds Rich that â€Å"it profits a man nothing to give his soul for the whole world† (158). That word, â€Å"nothing,† both represents that he doesn’t gain anything worth having, and that he will, in consequence, add to the absence of his being – what he will gain is nothingness. The reasons Rich and Cromwell are tempted are simple in that they (the reasons) are particular to self-profit (More, and perhaps Bolt through More, would find that an ironic term): personal wealth, influence and power, and escape from suffering. Cardinal Woolsey tempts More with a form of corruption less black-and-white: not merely Cromwell’s short-sited â€Å"administrative convenience† (73), but a seemingly moral and patriotic act: possibly preventing a war of succession like the War of the Roses had been. â€Å"Oh your conscience is your own affair,† the Cardinal tells More, â€Å"but you’re a statesman! Do you remember the Yorkist wars? All right [my solution to this problem is, in that it isn’t perfectly moral,] regrettable, but necessary†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (22). It is a dilemma: whether the good of a country (or the prevention of an evil to a country) somehow outweighs the evil of achieving that end by corrupt means. More’s â€Å"horrible moral squint† (19), as Woolsey calls it, sees through the Cardinal’s assumption that such corruption, simply because it has a good in sight for that greater self that is one’s homeland, won’t open the door to further corruption, as a precedent that many (as it affects many) will follow, that will in fact â€Å"lead their country by a short route to chaos† (22). The form of corruption with which Thomas More will have to grapple most desperately, and from which he will protect his family most carefully, is the temptation to act against conscience, not for personal gain, or for the sake of an abstract like ‘the common good,’ but for loved ones. More knows that temptation, in this case to perjure themselves for his own sake, might topple even the upright Alice and Margaret. For that eason, despite the anger and suffering his wife and daughter evidence at being kept in the dark, he never once opens his mind to them about those issues (the real reason behind his resignation, which lands them in poverty, and imprisonment over taking an oath, which deprives them of father and husband, and puts them in danger) – a relief he must have craved were they the picture of understanding. However, though they are not – he tell’s Margaret â€Å"the King’s more merciful than you; he doesn’t use the rack† ( 142) – he holds firm. This he also does for himself, never taking the oath and perjuring himself to God (as, he says, â€Å"what is an oath then, but words we say to God† (140)), though he knows his family will suffer his ultimate loss. For that reason, though, he can go to his death with a special tranquility, telling the headsman â€Å"you send me to God †¦ He will not refuse one who is so blithe to go to him† (160). We are left, then, with so many who died long ago, and the tale that history, and this play, tells of them. Richard Rich loses himself to corruption for purely personal gain, and while he lives with outward wealth, he is inwardly rotten, and ends in obscurity. Cardinal Woolsey, who ruthlessly pursues personal power and uses the same tactics in pursuit of patriotic goals, is remembered as an influencer of the policies of Europe, but, in the play, paves the way for greater evil, though he tries to stave it off by electing More Lord Chancellor. That evil is personified in Cromwell, a man with no morals, patriotic or otherwise. That â€Å"short route to chaos† More warns of shows up as well in the escalation of the scale of resistance Henry levels against the Church, eventually destroying most of the monasteries in England, and sparking a bloodily put down revolution. More, meanwhile, is an inspiration not only for his family, but has inspired conscience and nobility of spirit for almost five hundred years since his death, which is its own kind of immortality. How to cite Corruption in Bolt’s ‘Man for All Seasons’, Papers

My ideal world free essay sample

I am a person who deeply loves the world. I am sincerely passionate about the kind and considerate people who live on our beautiful green planet, about the rich society, the successful economy, the clean and unpolluted environment, and equal opportunities for everyone. Unfortunately, the world I love so much is not the world we live in. According A. P G abdul kalam Ideal socity start from person. If you are good persib society will good and if society is good nation will good.If nation is good world is good. The ideal tomorrow A person should strive to use every talent and skill they have, not only for their own benefit, but for the benefit of the whole world. Understand that society is the source of whatever pleasure one derives and whatever wealth one achieves in life. We owe everything to society and should be grateful to society for all that we receive from it. We will write a custom essay sample on My ideal world or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We have to repay this debt by helping at least as many people as we can. With a genuine keenness or readiness to serve others, one can attain happiness in any group or community, and the very eagerness to serve others will endow you with the power and skill necessary for the required service If you lift the hand to serve, to help, to console, to encourage another man you are lifting it for God, because in every man is God. My vision There is only one religion, The religion of Love; There is only one caste, The caste of Humanity; There is only one language, The language of the Heart; There is only one God, He is Omnipresent WATCH = watch your Words + Actions + Thoughts + Character + Heart. Ideal world In my ideal world, ethnicity, religion, and cultural background would be viewed with the same amount of importance as eye or hair color for if people are brought up thinking of each individual of every skin color, religious background, and other beliefs, as equal, racism would not present a problem. Also, to keep racism out of the equation, leaders of society are needed to implement the concept that all people are equal My objective is the  establishment of peace around the world As different streams having different sources all mingle their waters in the sea, so different tendencies, various though they appear, crooked or straight, all lead to good world

It Could Be Said That Benjamin Franklin Was Truly The Enlightened Amer

It could be said that Benjamin Franklin was truly the enlightened American of his time. He was a pioneer in the study of electricity and is world-renowned for his ideas and inventions. Today, after two hundred years, his name is still remembered by millions, and his influence is still felt world-wide. A man as great as this deserves some sort of remembrance for all that he accomplished. Recently there has been talk of adding a fifth visage to Mount Rushmore, someone who is in keeping with the four great men currently displayed. Benjamin Franklin's achievements as an inventor, discoverer, and statesman well deserve him a place on this great monument. During his lifetime, Benjamin Franklin gave us a multitude of inventions, many of which are still used in some form today. "Necessity is the mother of invention," said Franklin. In fact, it was necessity which prompted a very well known invention. Franklin was unfortunate enough to be both near- and far-sighted. Frustrated by having to constantly change between two pairs of glasses, he created bifocals where he cut the lenses from both spectacles in half and put them together in one frame. Another invention of his still in use today is the odometer. Although modified somewhat for use today, Franklin used the device on his carriage to map out routes in the town. Basically, his odometer measured how many times the wheel of his carriage made a full circle. Franklin's other inventions were many and far ranging including such devices as the catheter to the Franklin stove to the lightening rod. Along with his may inventions, Benjamin Franklin is well remembered for many of his ideas and discoveries. Foremost on this list is probably electricity. Before his lifetime, scientists in Europe dabbled with various tests and assessments of such things as friction, attraction, and repulsion, but it was only mere dabbling until Benjamin Franklin. Franklin saw that lightening and electricity are essentially the same force, and he realized the awesome power both contained. Most have heard about Franklin's experiments with Decker Page 2 lightening through the story of the kite and the key in the lightening storm, but few people realized that he had many other great ideas still in used today. Franklin came up with daylight savings time so there would be more hours of light during the summer so more productive work could be done. He started the first fire department and sixteen years later began the first fire insurance company. He was the first to chart the Gulf Stream, he is credited with the first political cartoon called "Join or Die," he was the first to advocate Vitamin C, and much more! Franklin was also a well-known statesman. He proposed a truly visionary plan at a meeting of representatives in Albany, NY called the Albany Plan of Union. This plan proposed to unify the colonial governments and form an alliance with the Iroquois Indians, one of the few tribes not allied with the ever-attacking French. The plan also gave the government authority over defense, westward expansion, and Indian relations. The plan went unheeded, but became a reminder of the enormous potential of a unified government. Franklin sought a resolution to the Native American problem peacefully but to no avail. He later advised the British military commanded by General Braddock in their attempts to cease Native American attacks in the colonies. When the military regiments failed because General Braddock didn't head Franklin's warnings that the Indians would resort to guerrilla warfare, Franklin, with the help of his son William, was put in command of the defense of the north western frontier. His command, however, would be short-lived. He would soon be called away to London as a representative of Pennsylvania. Whether he was being an inventor, a thinker, or a statesman, Benjamin Franklin was a leader among men. "There never was a good war nor a bad peace," he once said. Franklin was a visionary, and he deserves to be honored with his face carved into the stone of the legendary Mount Rushmore.

All Our Relations essays

All Our Relations essays In Winona LaDukes, All Our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life documents the historic pillaging and exploitation of Native Americans then and today. LaDukes inspirational voice to native peoples resistance to environmental devastation is uncanny. In this book, the use of updated detailed maps and native pictures help frame each chapter vividly. The book consists of 10 chapters detailing in environmental, spiritual and human conditions, and the struggles of indigenous peoples from Awkwesasne to Hawaii. LaDuke's introduction prompts the reader that over the last 150 the earth has witnessed the largest extinction of species since the Ice Age as well as the loss of more than 2,000 nations of native peoples in the Western Hemisphere. She gives evidence that cultural diversity helps to ensure biodiversity. Where indigenous people maintain their traditions one can often find an enclave of biodiversity. This is one of the unifying themes of the book. LaDuke ends the chapter with the description of a ceremony and the determination of native peoples to continue their commitment to the land and the people of the land. Although, the setting begins with the tone of depression, the book goes on to achieve parallels amongst certain tribes across the earth for hope and sanctuary. The first chapter, in All Our Relations presents a brief history of the Mohawk legacy in the Great Lakes region and contrasts it with the industrial pollution of Akwesasne that has led to PCB contamination of mothers' milk. The book details the work of Katsi Cook and others analyzing their food chain and ultimately forcing General Motors to clean up its contamination of the Great Lakes region. LaDuke asserts, In October 1983, after 25 years of dumping toxics, General Motors was fine $507,000 by the EPA for unlawful disposal...2 ...

Communism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communism - Research Paper Example It also promotes the fact that every worker should be rewarded for all his work and also holds a share in the profits. Communism is broadly defined as a movement which aims to fulfill all these aims. It tries to end wage labor and private property in terms of economics. Hence it is considered by many to be a form of governance which provides equality to all the people. The word communism is derived from the community which means that this type of governance takes the whole community when taking decisions. The rich do not get richer in a communist society and the poor do not get poorer. Moreover the state decides as to how the resources have to be allocated in the society. This creates a state of equality in the society because of which people do not have to fight for supreme power. Karl Marx defined communism in the following words â€Å"Communism is for us not a state of affairs that is to be established, an ideal to which reality [will] have to adjust itself. We call communism the real movement that abolishes the present state of things [emphasis in original]† (Holmes 2009). The workers in a communist government are not trapped to a single job as they have the freedom to change jobs whenever they want to. According to Karl Marx â€Å"Society regulates the general production and thus makes it possible for me to do one thing today and another tomorrow, to hunt in the morning, fish in the afternoon, rear cattle in the evening, criticize after dinner, just as I have a mind, without ever becoming a hunter, fisherman, shepherd or critic† (Fandel 2008). Over the years it is seen that many leaders have come who believed in the stability that communism could provide to the whole society. Vladmir Lenin of Russia provides a suitable example of a leader who believed in the roots of communism. He broadened the views of the general society regarding the difference between socialism and communism. He stabilized the roots of communism

Electronic Commerce & Prosper.com Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Electronic Commerce & Prosper.com - Essay Example This form of borrowing and lending is much cheaper unlike the traditional lending businesses like credit cards. Hence, borrowers in pursuit of cheap credit will definitely opt to borrow through prosper.com than their bank. Consequently, according to (Arnold and Harzog 75) the traditional lending/ borrowing businesses are likely to experience a drop in their lending business as more and more Americans are opting for peer-to-peer lending. Secondly, the business model of prosper.com does not require borrowers to deposit collaterals to get loans. Therefore, borrowers in pursuit of small loans will opt for prosper.com due to minimal lending requirements. Subsequently, this will lead to a fall of traditional lending/ borrowing businesses. According to (Arnold and Harzog 78) customers of traditional lending businesses will most likely shift to the peer-to-peer lending business model offered by companies such as prosper.com, because of low interest rates and minimal lending requirements. This will definitely lead to a decline in borrowing from traditional lending

Project Development Approach And Justification

Project Development Approach And Justification To solve actual problems in an industry setting, software engineer or a team of engineers must incorporate a development strategy that encompasses the process, methods and tools layers and generic phases. This strategy is often referred to as process model or a software engineering paradigm or project development approach. A process model for software engineering is chosen based on the nature of the project and application, the methods and tools to be used, and the controls and deliverables that are required. Our software is based on Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model. This software development approach is as described as below. Rapid Application Development Model RAD model is an incremental software development process model that emphasizes an extremely short development cycle. If requirements are well understood and project scope is constrained, the RAD process enables a development team to create a fully functional system within short time periods (60-90 days). RAD approach encompasses the following phases: Business Modeling: The flow of information among business functions is modeled in such a way that answers following questions: What Information drives the business? What Information generated? Who generates it? Where does Information go? Who Process it? Data Modeling: The flow defined as part of business modeling phase is refined into a set of data object that are needed to support the business. Data Modeling answers a set of specific questions that are relevant to any data processing application. It enables software engineer to identify data objects and their relationship using a graphical notation. C:Documents and SettingshiralsMy DocumentsMy Picturesuntitled.bmp Figure 2. RAD Model (Rapid Application Development Model) Process Modeling: The data objects defined in the data modeling phase are transformed to achieve the information flow necessary to implement a business function processing description s are created for adding, modifying, deleting or retrieving a data object. Application generation: RAD process works to reuse existing program components or create reusable components. Testing and turnover: The RAD process emphasizes reuse; many of the program components have already been tested. This reduces overall testing time. However, new components must be tested and all interfaces must be fully exercised. Advantages of RAD Model: Emphasizes an extremely short development cycle Fully functional system within very short time periods Drawbacks of RAD Model: Like all process models RAD approach has drawbacks: For large but scalable projects, RAD requires human resources to create the right number of RAD teams. RAD requires developers and customers who are committed to the rapid-fire activities necessary to get a system complete in a much-abbreviated time frame. If commitment is lacking from either constituency, RAD projects will fail. Not all type of applications are appropriate for RAD. If system cannot be properly modularized, building the components necessary for RAD will be problematic. RAD is not appropriate when technical risks are high. Weeks Months Week l Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 1st Month 1)Orientation program 2)Introduction session 3)Overview of training training Program 4)Introduction to system setup 5)ISO introduction 6)Study of ACTL intranet sites 1) Seminar on ACTL coding standards 2) Database standards and practices. 3) Implementation of demo project named Inventory Management System 1) Testing of demo project named Inventory Management System 2) Lecture on quality assurance 3) Lecture on SDLC 4) Introduction to CRS 1) Study Project definition and requirement analysis of proposed system 2) Data flow analysis of proposed system 3) Decided the software process model for the proposed System. 4) Prepare required diagrams. 2nd Month 1)Learn how JQuery works 2)Study about CRS Restaurant modules 3)Database design 1) Study about amenities module 2) Implement amenities module 3)Testing of created module 1) Study about policy module 2) Implement policy module 3)Testing of created module 1) Study about promotion module 2) Implement promotion module 3)Testing of created module 3rd Month 1) Study about Servings module 2) Implement Servings module 3)Testing of created module 1) Study about Cuisine, Hall, Price List module 2) Implement module 3)Testing of created module 1) Study about booking , Cancelation , Stop Sales module 2) Implement of it 3)Testing of created module 1) Study of Event, Loyalty, User module 2) Implement Events, Loyalty module 3)Testing of created module 4rd Month 1) compliance, Roles , Themes module 2) Implement module 1)Testing created module Report Development 2)Integration of all modules 1) Integration testing 2) Add facility of multi lingual facility 1) Test system on different browsers. 2) Solve Issues. Figure 2.2 Project Planning Milestones: Every task or group of tasks should be associated with project milestone. A milestone is accomplished when one or more work products has been reviewed for quality and has been approved. Project Milestones include completion of some defines tasks in defined time limits. The milestones associated with this project are shown below: Study of ACTL Framework JQuery First milestone includes study of ACTL framework, SDLC, study of JQuery documents. JQuery documents includes JQGrid, JQuery Wizard, JQuery Validation, Menu, JQuery Date picker, etc., Database coding standards, query optimization, etc Project planning Scheduling Second milestone includes analysis of project and designing. Then we have started coding to develop first prototype which includes Servings Halls. Cuisine Items setup also includes setup of Items and based on selection of Cuisine, Finally all these modules are debugged and tested. Development of various modules Third milestone includes developing price list module, stop sell module, search booking module. Item Price List module includes setup of rates for different items hall wise. Booking search includes guest searching. Also these modules are debugged and tested. Development continued Fourth milestone includes developing reports module, business setup module, compliance module, etc. These all modules are again tested and reviewed. Testing and Documentation Fifth milestone includes the integration testing and documentation. Deliverables: Every task that is scheduled should have a defined outcome. For software projects, the outcome is normally a work product (e.g., the design of a module) or a part of a work product. Work products are often combined in deliverables. They are delivered at end of some major phase such as specification, design etc. Deliverables for this project are shown below: Project Specification It includes the requirement analysis and specification of each module to be developed. It includes description of each module containing what that module does, how it interacts with another module, what is input to that module and the outputs from that module. Project Design It includes structural design for each module. Design is used for better understanding of each modules functionality and interface. Designing consists of many diagrams which help us to view a system as a whole. Developed Product It is the working product or prototype delivered to customer. Documentation It includes some facilities to help the customer while using this project. Roles: After careful review of requirements, this project requires following different modes for interaction: programming mode, test mode, monitoring mode, and troubleshooting mode. Therefore, roles can be defined as programmer, tester, monitor, and troubleshooter. Here we are three peoples in our team. We all play these four roles as per requirements of project and as per our scheduling. Project Managers role is to review the project and suggest the improvements to be done. Responsibilities: Every task that is scheduled is assigned to a specific team member. Each members responsibility is to develop the assigned module, test it and troubleshooting for that module. Resources: The first step in building the project schedule is to identify the resources required to perform each of the tasks required to complete the project. A resource is any person, item, tool, or service that is needed by the project that is either scarce or has limited availability. The project could include computer resources (like shared computer room, mainframe, or server time), locations (training rooms, temporary office space), services (like time from contractors, trainers, or a support team), and special equipment that will be temporarily acquired for the project. One or more resources must be allocated to each task. To do this, the project manager must first assign the task to people who will perform it. For each task, the project manager must identify one or more people on the resource list capable of doing that task and assign it to them. Once a task is assigned, the team member who is performing it is not available for other tasks until the assigned task is completed. While some tasks can be assigned to any team member, most can be performed only by certain people. If those people are not available, the task must wait. In our team each and every member is assigned specific modules. Resources required by these modules are also allocated to him/her only. Dependencies: Once resources are allocated, the next step is to identify dependencies between tasks. A task has a dependency if it involves an activity, resource, or work product that is subsequently required by another task. Dependencies come in many forms: a test plan cant be executed until a build of the software is delivered; code might depend on classes or modules built in earlier stages; a user interface cant be built until the design is reviewed. It is the project managers responsibility to work with everyone on the engineering team to identify these dependencies. The project manager should start by taking the each module and adding dependency information to it: each task in the selected module is given a number, and the number of any task that it is dependent on should be listed next to it as a predecessor. Figure 2.3 shows the four ways in which one task can be dependent on another. Figure 2.3: Dependency among Modules We have also identified dependencies among the modules and sub modules in our project. Then we have divided our work as per dependencies. Schedule Representation Software project scheduling is an activity that distributes estimated efforts across the planned duration by allocating the effort to specific software engineering tasks. Time Line Chart (Weekly) 1st February To 29th February Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Work Task Introduction to CRS Study Project Definition Analysis Analysis of Amenities Module Analysis of Policy Module Milestone Implementation of Amenities Policy Module Figure 2.4: Project Schedule Representation Work Task Week 4 Week 3 Week 2 Week 11st March To 29th March Testing of developed modules Servings, Cuisine, Halls Implementation of price list, Bookings, stop sell, Testing of developed modules Loyalty, Events Analysis of multilingual Milestone Implementation of Search booking Stop sell Module Work Task Week 4 Week 3 Week 2 Week 11st April To 26th April Testing of developed modules Analysis of Compliance Module Implementation Testing of Compliance Module Integration Testing Solve Issues Creating Themes Multi lingual Milestone Implementation of CRS RISK MANAGEMENT It is the process of measuring or assessing risk and then developing strategies to manage the risk. In general, the strategies employed include transferring the risk to another party, avoiding the risk, reducing the negative effect of the risk, and accepting some or all of the consequences of a particular risk. Traditional risk management focuses on risks stemming from physical or legal causes (e.g. natural disasters or fires, accidents, death, and lawsuits). Financial risk management, on the other hand, focuses on risks that can be managed using traded financial instruments. Project Risks are risks, which affect the project schedule or resources. Product Risks are risks, which affect quality or performance of the software being developed. Business Risks are risks which affect the organization developing or procuring the software. In ideal risk management, a prioritization process is followed whereby the risks with the greatest loss and the greatest probability of occurring are handled first, and risks with lower probability of occurrence and lower loss are handled later. In practice this process can be very difficult, and balancing between risks with a high probability of occurrence but lower loss vs. a risk with high loss but lower probability of occurrence can often be mishandled. Risk Identification Risk identification is a systematic attempt to specify threats to the project plan (estimates, schedule, resource loading, etc.) By identifying known and predictable risks, the project manager takes a first step towards avoiding them when possible and controlling them when necessary. There are two distinct types of risks Generic risks and Product-specific risks. Generic risks are a potential threat to the project and Product-specific risks are those that can be identified by only those with clear understanding of the technology, the people and the environment that is specific to that project. Possible risks involved in developing Central Reservation System are technical risks and project risks. First risk Central Reservation System is totally dependent on ACTL Framework. Second risk is that our system needs to be integrated to booking engine via Dxchange middleware that uses XML format data as communication standard . Third risk is associated with authorization; if in the software the anonymous or wrong user is authorized or assign role by mistake then he may do changes that cause the system in dangerous mode. We are planning to give multilingual co-branding system. The risk is associated with time period, the degree of uncertainty that project schedule will be meet, maintained and that the product will be on time. Project Risk includes personnel (staffing and organization) risk and schedule risk. Currently our team size is 3. We can follow our schedule as per planning. If team size gets reduced then schedule and planning must be changed. Risk Analysis Risk analysis = Risk Assessment + Risk Management + Risk Communication. Risk Assessment:- It involves identifying sources of potential harm, assessing the likelihood that harm will occur and the consequences if harm does occur. Risk Management:- It evaluates which risks identified in the risk assessment process require management and selects and implements the plans or actions that are required to ensure that those risks are controlled. Risk Communication:- It involves an interactive dialogue between stakeholders and risk assessors and risk managers which actively informs the other processes. There are two points to keep in mind when analyzing risk: Where is the risk? How significant is the risk? By analyzing the identified risks we have the following conclusion. The probability that algorithm risk becomes reality is very high. We have to study and implement JQuery components. So there is possibility that some of the components cannot fit into current structure. Without these components our current system can run efficiently but either we have to change our desired component. Risk Planning Once risks have been identified and assessed, all techniques to manage the risk fall into one or more of these four major categories: Risk Avoidance It includes not performing an activity that could carry risk. An example would be not buying a property or business in order to not take on the liability that comes with it. Avoidance may seem the answer to all risks, but avoiding risks also means losing out on the potential gain that accepting the risk may have allowed. To avoid the risk also avoids the possibility of earning profits. Risk Reduction It involves methods that reduce the severity of the loss. Modern software development methodologies reduce risk by developing and delivering software incrementally. Early methodologies suffered from the fact that they only delivered software in the final phase of development; any problems encountered in earlier phases meant costly rework and often jeopardized the whole project. By developing in iterations, software projects can limit effort wasted to a single iteration. A current trend in software development, spearheaded by the Extreme Programming community, is to reduce the size of iterations to the smallest size possible, sometimes as little as one week is allocated to an iteration. Risk Retention It involves accepting the loss when it occurs. Risk retention is a viable strategy for small risks where the cost of insuring against the risk would be greater over time than the total losses sustained. All risks that are not avoided or transferred are retained by default. This includes risks that are so large or catastrophic that they either cannot be insured against or the premiums would be infeasible. This may also be acceptable if the chance of a very large loss is small or if the cost to insure for greater coverage amounts is so great it would hinder the goals of the organization too much. Risk transfer It means causing another party to accept the risk, typically by contract or by hedging. Insurance is one type of risk transfer that uses contracts. Other times it may involve contract language that transfers a risk to another party without the payment of an insurance premium. Liability among construction or other contractors is very often transferred this way. On the other hand, taking offsetting positions in derivatives is typically how firms use hedging to financially manage risk. Some ways of managing risk fall into multiple categories. Risk retention pools are technically retaining the risk for the group, but spreading it over the whole group involves transfer among individual members of the group. This is different from traditional insurance, in that no premium is exchanged between members of the group up front, but instead losses are assessed to all members of the group. The planning by which the identified risks for this project are handled is described as following: We have planned to build sample application in ACTL Framework so all team members can be familiar with framework. We planned to use OTA standard to communicate with booking engine. We have also planned to use compliance driven system so even if a user is assigned a role accidently then also users changes need to be approved by super administrator. ESTIMATION Effective software project estimation is one of the most challenging and important activities in software development. Estimation is one of the cornerstones of effective project planning: effective project planning and control is not possible without a sound and reliable estimate. Under-estimating a project leads to under-staffing it (which often results in staff burnout), under-scoping the quality assurance effort (running the risk of low quality deliverables), and setting too short a schedule (resulting in loss of credibility as deadlines are missed). This negatively impacts staff productivity, product quality, customer relationships and overall credibility. Conversely, overestimating a project can be just as detrimental. Since most projects expand to fit their estimated schedule, allocating appropriate resources to future projects can quickly become an issue, creating scheduling bottle necks and planning difficulties. Good software estimation and planning goes beyond tools, techniques and processes. Its also about the right attitude, understanding and mutual expectations not just from the software developers but also from senior management. When we understand together what can be done, what has been done, and what is being put before us, we can successfully plan projects to make them more predictable. A sound estimate starts with dividing project in some phases. Each phase is that, if completed, will produce the final product. There are many ways to decompose a project into tasks. The project can be broken down by feature, by project phase (requirements tasks, design tasks, programming tasks, etc.), or by some combination of the two. Now the team must create an estimate of the effort required to perform each task. The most accurate estimates are those that rely on prior experience. Team members should review previous project results and find how long similar tasks in previous projects took to complete. Sources of delays in the past should be taken into account when making current estimates. No estimate is guaranteed to be accurate. People get sick or leave the organization; teams run into unforeseen technical problems; the needs of the organization change. The unexpected will almost certainly happen. Therefore, the goal of estimation is not to predict the future. Instead, it is to gauge an honest, well-informed opinion of the effort required to do a task from those people in the organization who have the most applicable training and knowledge. Effort Estimation Software costs and effort estimation will never be an exact science. Too many variables human, technical, environmental, political can affect the ultimate cost of software and effort applied to develop it. However, software project estimation can be transformed from a black art to a series of systematic steps that provide estimates with acceptable risks. To achieve reliable cost and effort estimates, a number of options arise: Delay estimation until late in the project Base estimates on similar projects that have already been completed. Use relatively simple decomposition techniques to generate project cost and effort estimates. Use on or more empirical models for software cost and effort estimation. We are adapting following criteria to estimate the effort. Step 1: We are computing the count total which will be used to define the complexity of a project. You will do that by completing the Figure 2.5. Top of Form Measurement Parameter Count Simple Average Complex Total Number of user inputs X 3 4 6 = Number of user outputs X 4 5 7 = Number of user inquiries X 3 4 6 = Number of files X 7 10 15 = Number of external interfaces X 5 7 10 = Count Total Figure 2.5: Table to compute Count Total Step 2: We are finding the complexity adjustment values based on responses to the questions shown in Figure 2.6. Question 0 1 2 3 4 5 1. Does the system require reliable backup and recovery? 2. Are data communications required? 3. Are there distributed processing functions? 4. Is performance critical? 5. Will the system run in an existing, heavily utilized operational environment? 6. Does the system require on-line data entry? 7. Does the on-line data entry require the input transaction? 8. Are the master file updated on-line? 9. Are the inputs, outputs, files, or inquiries complex? 10. Is the internal processing complex? 11. In the code designed to be reusable? 12. Are conversion and installation included in the design? 13. Is the system designed for multiple installations in different organizations? 14. Is the application designed to facilitate change and ease of use by the user? Total fi Complexity Weighting Factors (0 = No influence, 1 = Incidental, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Average, 4 = Significant, 5 = Essential): Figure 2.6: Table to compute Complexity Adjustment Values The Function Points is: (FP=Count Total + {0.65+0.01*(Efi)}) Step 3: We are finding LOC (Lines of Code), and we do this by choosing a programming language that we will use when developing a project. Figure 2.7 shows LOC/FP for different programming languages. Programming Language LOC/FP (average) Select Assembly Language 320 C 128 COBOL 105 Fortran 105 Pascal 90 Ada 70 Object-Oriented Languages 30 Fourth Generation Languages (4GLs) 20 Code Generators 15 Spreadsheets 6 Graphical Languages (icons) 4 Figure 2.7: LOC/FP Values for Different Programming Languages So LOC/FP for our project is Step 4: Final Step is to select complexity of the software project. Figure 2.8 is used to calculate effort and duration of the project. Software Project ab bb cb db Select Organic 2.4 1.05 2.5 0.38 Semi-detached 3.0 1.12 2.5 0.35 Embedded 3.6 1.20 2.5 0.32 Figure 2.8: Table to compute Effort and Duration From Figure 2.8 calculated effort and duration are: Effort (E) = ab(KLOC)bb = Duration (D) = cb(E)db = Cost Analysis: A cost-benefit analysis is necessary to determine economic feasibility. The primary objective of the cost-benefit analysis is to find out whether it is economically worthwhile to invest in the project. If the return on the investments is good, then the project is considered economically worthwhile. Cost-benefit analysis is performed by first listing all the costs associated with the project. Costs consist of direct costs and indirect costs. Benefits can be broadly classified as tangible benefit and intangible benefits. Tangible benefits are directly measurable and intangible are not. The sum of all costs is compared with the sum of all the savings (tangible and intangible). It is not always easy to assign money value to intangible benefits. It is arrived at by discussion amongst users of the system. Figure 2.9 shows general cost associated with project. Procurement Cost Installation cost for installing supporting software like Microsoft Office, Microsoft Visual Studio etc. The company already has the license for this software. Project Related Cost Cost of Data Collection for System Analysis. Cost of preparing Documentation. Cost of Development Management. Cost of Organization Resources. Ongoing Cost System Maintenance cost. Depreciation cost. Figure 2.9: Cost Representation Estimation of Cost is not provided to us as it is against the policy of Avani Cimcon Technologies Ltd. and due to some security reason.

Visual Description Nefertiti

For my visual description, I decided to write about Infertility from Outmost, created between BCC. Infertility represents royalty, and many women view her as a symbol for beauty. Found in the city of Kathleen along other items in the sculptor studio that represented the royal family. This three dimensional limestone sculpture standing 20†³ tall, represents the wife of Pharaoh Generate. Modeling her face to make it look subtle, the artist used very thin layers of plaster.Looking at this sculpture, one would feel as they are looking at a life like person, which is why it's remarkable. The plaster starts thin to define her face and becomes thicker when creating the neck and the head dress. The pupil of the right eye was created with what appears to be black paint, but the left eye doesn't have a pupil present. Infirmities teal colored crown, has a gold band looped around the bottom.A ribbon is wrapped around her crown, with each end stopping above her left and right ear. A erasures (signifying royalty) is above brow on the headdress, yet broken. The skin and bone structure, very much symmetrical can be shown as elegant as she looks. The artist used a contour technique to create her face, high cheekbones and the hollowness of her cheeks.. Looking at the lines used, it can be seen as subtle movements. The carved movements, help create amazing cheekbone structure.From her headdress to her cheeks, a triangle can be formed, continuing to the lines of her neck, under her chin a perfect triangle Is created. This sculpture In the round when viewed from the side, can be seen as creating a 90 degree angle. Walking around the sculpture you can see the symmetrical used to create her headdress and make this sculpture life like. Although the damages to the ear and headdress makes you realize how ancient this Is, her beauty seems to travel.

German Expressionism Essay

German expressionism is one of the most fundamental movements of early cinema. With its basic foundation stemming from the creation of the Universum Film AG in 1917 by the German government, expressionism found a happy home in Germany until, arguably the late 1920s (Wolf). Expressionism changed the canvas of cinema with its technical innovations as well as its impact on Hollywood, not only with its borrowing of ideas, but with the emigration of German actors, writers, and directors to Hollywood, such as Murnau and his creation of Sunrise (Welsh, 98). American films at the same time as this movement in Germany were based in realism, with very distinct ideas of good and bad, comedy, and aesthetics. German film was seen as highly compound, with thick, perplexing stories that were more solicitous instead of being superficial. The notable works from this movement have been time tested references to the rise of cinema, and have been looked upon for reference in film genres in later years not only because of the innovation and place in history, but also for the overt artistic styling that has been difficult to match since. It seems as though German cinema, almost all together must be discussed in its own category. Just as French cinema, historically speaking, Germany has seemed to keep at least a somewhat independent cinema culture from that of Hollywood and its beginnings are either independent from Hollywood or influencing for the most part. Although its beginnings were earlier, â€Å"†¦the period roughly between 1897 and 1908, motion pictures in Germany had graduated from a side-show novelty to a fast developing form, if not of art, then certainly of popular entertainment† (Figge, 308). By 1909, however, hundreds of new cinemas were offering longer and more cohesive programs†, which laid the groundwork for the progressive technical explosion that was the Expressionist movement (Figgins, 308). Germany reached a height in silent cinema in the 1920s, the time after World War I (Wexman 38). This was a national time of crisis with most of the culpability of the Great War being put on Germany not only politically, but more enduringly and impactfully, economically; this created discord in the sociopolitical environment. Due to such social upheaval, film as seen as an expression of â€Å"counter activity† to the state of affairs in Germany (Wexman, 38). German expressionism is one of the more major film movements which helped mold the face of early cinema, and has had enduring impacts on the horror genre, film noir and is even seen trickling into modern day cinema. The innovations that came along with this movement are astounding, especially given the modicum of improvement in physical film itself, which one could argue, were brought about by the mass creative and artistic movement expressionism fundamentally is. Some of these technical aspects include a highly subjective and dynamic camera, design innovations including staging and set designs, and being the first movement to actually implement scripting of films (Dilman). Telltale signs of expressionism are the use of backlighting to create a sense of dimensionality and montage, and splicing the film together to make the story be more seamless and continuous, which was also a style used by the Soviet film movement (Figge, 313). Some of the indications of expressionism seem to be the anti-heroism, the complex philosophical and psychological plots and primarily urban settings. The scenes are intentionally shot to look staged, creating an alternate reality on screen with its highly geometric scapes, tilted stages, clashing vertical and horizontal lines and overshadowing. Indeed as Warm said, Expressionist film is art come to life (Wexman). Historical and mythological themes are very telling of this movement, as are abstract story lines that seem philosophically or psychologically provoking, fantastic ideas, and â€Å"careful visual patterns† (Wexman 40). Mythology obviously had an influence on Metropolis, as the machine in the film turns from robot into a pagan god, demanding the sacrifice of the workers. This constructs the notion that the machine is more important than the lives of the machinists, the way urban culture existed in the moment, machine is more important than man; progress is the most important idea in society, replacing a sense of community and order of nature. This idea of a crisis of modernity influenced many films in Germany throughout the 1920s. The idea of urban life being pitted against rural life is the subject of Sunrise, giving the audience the choice between the naive and desirable maternal figure in opposition to the fast, dark, evil â€Å"Vamp† woman from the city, embodying urban culture and its certain destruction of current livelihood. This again reiterates the theme of the unavoidable but unwanted nature of modern, urban life in opposition to the much-desired rural, complacently comfortable setting that was more trusting. The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is seen as the height of expressionism (Welsh, 98). Without exaggerating, it is impossible to discuss expressionism without discussing Caligari, not just for the film advancements, but because it seems to be one of the most artistically set films of the time as well as being one of the truly first expressionist films to be made (although it is not the first), Caligari was, in an important sense, a blind alley for German films of this period, because it sought its identity outside the inherent possibilities of the film medium. In spite of the use of irises, medium shots, and crosscutting, it remains essentially theatrical†¦The point is significant, because at this time the question was being asked, ‘What can the movies do that the theatre can not do? ’ Caligari provided no clear answer to this challenge. (Figgins, 310-311) All of the characters are highly psychological, some being downright neurotic. This can be evidenced by the blurring of the lines of good and evil, the questioning of sanity and the feeling of helplessness of the main characters in the film, most notably, the Somnambulist who has absolutely no control over his doing. By being out of control, he can be seen as evading all of his worldly responsibilities, one can excuse his behavior (read: murdering of innocent townspeople) because it is not he who has the intention, but rather is being compelled into this anti-social behavior. With this in mind, it is easy to see expressionism being a symptomatic artistic release, emerging out of a post-war world turned upside down, where one must question their morals due to justification of war (especially because Germany was involved with unrestricted submarine warfare during World War I), and coming to terms with shouldering the majority of the responsibility for the casualties. Themes of expressionism carried over into Hollywood’s birth of the American horror genre of the 1930s, with it’s expressionist camera angles, movements, overly dramatic makeup and lighting, fantastic subjects and the feeling of chaos, a sense that the world in spinning out of control. Many of these themes have seemed to have lasting impacts, and were characteristic of many Alfred Hitchcock films. While Hitchcock favored tight scenes, he still preferred to give the audience a sense of unease with his camera movements, creatures, and most definitely, chaos. However, it is certain that Hitchcock is more characteristically modernist, with his angles and restoration of the disharmony of his films. Film Noir is another genre that seemingly stemmed out of expressionism. The use of stark contrasts of shadows and the obscurity of faces and landscapes is showing of expressionist qualities. The disorientation brought on by the camera direction style also echoes the disorientation, which was popular in the movement. The protagonists seem to be flawed, which is also a mirrored quality, exemplified by the main character in Sunrise, who has no issue initially with his infidelity or thoughts of murdering his wife to be able to be with the Vamp from the city. The urban settings of Noir films also seem to be reminiscent of German film themes of the 1920s (Naremore 12, 26). In fact, one might argue that Film Noir is basically expressionism revisited, keeping in line with most of the expressionist qualities, save the more stark landscapes and police themed-ness of the melodramas. Modern day directors still use themes and techniques associated with the Expressionist movement. Most notably and obviously would be the ever famous Tim Burton, where commonalities and homage exist heavily. For instance, it can be argued that Gotham City in Burton’s creation of Batman was modeled after the city in Metropolis, and his theme of the corrupt city is reminiscent of Sunrise. It is hard not to see the similarities of the character Edward from Edward Scissorhands and the somnambulist from The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari from the inception of the character on the screen, in the major aspects. Most likely, expressionism will seep into cinema either subtly or overtly for many years to come. German expressionism can be seen as being the influencer of genres, groundbreaking creator of overly artistic production, and arguably the art of horror film. This movement itself has helped spawn the rise of other genres and movements, and has been looked upon for stylistic and creative (admittedly sometimes hyper-creative) reference in film genres in later years due to the innovation and canvas that was created in service of the period. Indeed, German expressionism is a major film movement which helped mold the face of early cinema, but one cannot contain the ideas and art that came from this movement into the years of the 1920s and 1930s as the impact it left is seen in many later genres and generations, the horror genre, film noir and modern day cinema.

History Of The United States - 1854 Words

The history of the United States from colonization to reconstruction is long and complicated. It is filled with suffering, death, and hope. To best describe the story of the United States we would have to use the phrase â€Å"slow and steady growth filled with conflict.† The United States was not formed in one day, nor was it planned. It took hundreds of years of economic, territorial, and political growth and conflict. In this paper we will focus on three types of growth and conflict; economical, territorial and political. Each of these phases will contain three time periods; colonial, revolutionary, and a growing nation. These time periods reflect key intervals to better understand and see the common theme of growth and conflict. I. Economic†¦show more content†¦With pressure looming, John Rolfe helped cultivate tobacco in Jamestown. This would become the â€Å"gold† for the Jamestown colony. Initial tobacco exports between 1615-16 were roughly 2300 pounds. By 1640 exports had surpassed 1.5 million pounds per year. But success came at a cost. Conflict would spring up between local native tribes, like the Powhatans, who were seeing their lands being taken for the cultivation of tobacco. This expansion was due to tobacco plants absorbing huge quantities of nutrients from the soil and the demand to grow more tobacco. This conflict would be known as the Anglo-Powhatan Wars, which lasted on and off from 1610 until 1677 in which the Treaty of Middle Plantation would establish indian reservations. This similar process of early struggle, to finding a cash crop, and fighting of Indians would continue for the rest of the colonies, from New England to the Southern Colonies. We would see the rise of cash crops such as rice and indigo. Rice would dominate the Carolinas as a cash crop that helped the region grow and prosper. Rice was introduced in the 17th century, and would dominate the plantations of South Carolina and Georgia. Slave labor, specifically slaves from West Africa, who had experience cultivating rice, were used in early plantations. Rice would help make many southern plantation owners prosper in wealth. Indigo would come into prominence in the 1740’s as plant to be grown on the side when rice is not beingShow MoreRelatedHistory Of The United States1185 Words   |  5 PagesHansol Choi P.5 Mr. Cobleigh. 5/1/17 History of immigration in the United State. Immigrating to the United State mean is immigrating to the United States from another country. About 14 million people from around 2000 to 2010 immigrated to the United States from around the world. America is an immigrant country. According to the U.S Census Bureau. About 43 million the Americans were born outside of the United States in 2017. 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